![]() Harnessing the power of immune cells, especially T cells, to enhance anti-tumor activities has become a promising strategy in clinical management of hematologic malignancies. The results demonstrated during the study suggest that 99mTc-ADAPT6 is a promising tracer for molecular imaging of tumor foci with overexpression of the Her2/neu receptor in breast cancer patients. Planar scintigraphy with 99mTc-pyrophosphate and CT performed 6 months after injection of 99mTc-ADAPT6 revealed previously described foci in the projection of the thoracic spine (Th VIII, IX) and 5 ribs on the right along the mid-clavicular line. Magnetic resonance imaging of the thoracic spine revealed 2 metastatic foci in Th VIII, IX. Computed tomography of the chest organs and bone scintigraphy with 99mTc-pyrophosphate showed no metastases in the 5th rib on the right and Th VIII, IX. In addition to the previously described tumors, 3 foci of hyperfixation of the tracer in the projection of the 5th rib on the right along the middle-clavicular line, as well as in the projection of the 8 and 9 thoracic vertebrae (Th VIII, IX) were found. Planar scintigraphy and singlephoton emission tomography of the chest organs were performed 2 hours after injection of 99mTc-ADAPT6 radiopharmaceutical. The drug was prepared in the Department of Nuclear Medicine of Research Cancer Institute (Tomsk) immediately before its administration. A patient diagnosed with stage IIIA right breast cancer (T2N2M0), multicentric growth and metastases in right axillary and subclavian lymph nodes at the diagnostic stage was injected intravenously with 99mTc-ADAPT6 radiopharmaceutical. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate a clinical case of assessing the extent of breast cancer in a patient with overexpression of Her2/neu using a radiopharmaceutical based on targeted protein molecules labeled with technetium-99m.ĭescription of the clinical case. The increasing popularity of radionuclide methods using recombinant proteins as a targeting module have already demonstrated their effectiveness in solving this question at the initial stages of clinical research. One of significant drawbacks of this detection is the impossibility of simultaneous assessment of the receptor status of the primary tumor and metastatic sites. Currently, immunohistochemical studies (IHC) and methods of in situ hybridization are used to assess Her2/neu status. Overexpression of Her2/neu is detected in 15–20 % of patients with breast cancer and associated with an aggressive form of disease and low overall and disease-free survival rates. In this review, we focus on the protein scaffold applications in cancer therapy and diagnosis in the last 5 years, and discuss the pros and cons, and strategies of optimization and design. To date, more than 20 types of protein scaffolds have been developed, with the most frequently used being affibody, adnectin, ANTICALIN®, DARPins, and knottin. Given the properties of small size, high affinity, and excellent specificity and stability, protein scaffolds have been applied in basic research, and preclinical and clinical fields over the past two decades. By combining robust gene engineering and phage display techniques, libraries with sufficient diversity could be established for target binding scaffold selection. Protein scaffolds are small monomeric proteins with stable tertiary structures and mutable residues, which emerged in the 1990s. These issues have led scientists to explore and develop novel antibody alternatives. ![]() Although antibodies are well developed and widely used in cancer therapy and diagnostic fields, some defects remain, such as poor tissue penetration, long in vivo metabolic retention, potential cytotoxicity, patent limitation, and high production cost. ![]()
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